i like this model
| Diachronic versus synchronic perspective | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Dynamic view Explanation of current form in terms of a historical sequence | Static view Explanation of the current form of species | ||
| How vs. why questions | Proximate view How an individual organism's structures function | Ontogeny Developmental explanations for changes in individuals, from DNA to their current form | Mechanism (causation) Mechanistic explanations for how an organism's structures work |
| Evolutionary (ultimate) view Why a species evolved the structures (adaptations) it has | Phylogeny The history of the evolution of sequential changes in a species over many generations | Adaptation (function) A species trait that evolved to solve a reproductive or survival problem in the ancestral environment | |
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